Yishuo School District (39) | SPSS Statistical Analysis (49) Principal Component Analysis and Factor Analysis
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在科學(xué)研究中，往往需要對(duì)反映事物的多個(gè)變量進(jìn)行大量觀測(cè)，收集大量數(shù)據(jù)以便進(jìn)行分析，尋找規(guī)律。多變量大樣本無(wú)疑會(huì)對(duì)科學(xué)研究提供豐富的信息，但也增加了數(shù)據(jù)采集的工作量，并且多變量之間的可能存在的相關(guān)性也為問(wèn)題的分析帶來(lái)了許多問(wèn)題。
In scientific research, it is often necessary to conduct a large number of observations on multiple variables reflecting things, collect a large number of data for analysis and find laws. Multivariable large samples will undoubtedly provide rich information for scientific research, but also increase the workload of data collection, and the possible correlation between the variables also brings many problems to the analysis of the problem.
主成分分析就是考慮各指標(biāo)之間的相互關(guān)系，利用降維的方法將多個(gè)指標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換為少數(shù)幾個(gè)互不相干的綜合指標(biāo)（主成分），從而使研究變得簡(jiǎn)單的一種統(tǒng)計(jì)方法。每個(gè)主成分都是原始變量的線性組合，且每個(gè)主成分之間互不相關(guān)。
Principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical method that takes into account the relationship between various indicators and uses the method of dimensionality reduction to convert multiple indicators into a few independent comprehensive indicators (PCA), thus making the research simple. Each principal component is a linear combination of original variables, and each principal component is not related to each other.
因子分析是一種通過(guò)現(xiàn)在變量測(cè)評(píng)潛在變量，通過(guò)具體指標(biāo)測(cè)評(píng)抽象因子的分析方法，它的基本思想是將實(shí)測(cè)的多個(gè)指標(biāo)，用少數(shù)幾個(gè)潛在指標(biāo)（因子）的線性組合表示。因子分析主要應(yīng)用到兩個(gè)方面：一是尋求基本結(jié)構(gòu)，簡(jiǎn)化觀測(cè)系統(tǒng)。而是對(duì)變量或樣本進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。
Factor analysis is an analysis method to evaluate potential variables through current variables and abstract factors through specific indicators. Its basic idea is to use a linear combination of a few potential indicators (factors) to represent the measured multiple indicators. Factor analysis is mainly applied to two aspects: one is to seek the basic structure and simplify the observation system. It is to classify variables or samples.
成分分析與因子分析的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系：
The difference and connection between principal component analysis and factor analysis:
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1
兩者都是在多個(gè)原始變量中通過(guò)它們之間的內(nèi)部相關(guān)性來(lái)獲得新的變量。
Both of them obtain new variables from multiple original variables through their internal correlation.
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2
提取公因子主要有主成分分析法和公因子法，若采用主成分法，則主成分分析和因子分析基本等價(jià)，該法主要從解釋變量的總方差角度，盡量使變量的方差被主成分解釋?zhuān)粗鞒煞址治龇椒▋A向得到更大的共性方差，而公因子法主要從解釋變量的相關(guān)性角度，盡量使變量的相關(guān)程度能被公因子解釋?zhuān)?dāng)因子分析的目的為確定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)會(huì)遇到該法。
Common factor extraction mainly includes principal component analysis and common factor method. If the principal component method is used, the principal component analysis and factor analysis are basically equivalent. This method is mainly from the perspective of the total variance of the explanatory variable, and tries to make the variance of the variable be explained by the principal component, that is, the principal component analysis method tends to get greater common variance, while the common factor method is mainly from the perspective of the correlation of the explanatory variable, Try to make the correlation degree of variables can be explained by common factors. This method will be encountered when the purpose of factor analysis is to determine the structure.
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3
因子分析提取的公因子比主成分分析提取的主成分更具有解釋性。
The common factor extracted by factor analysis is more explanatory than the principal component extracted by principal component analysis.
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4
兩者分析的實(shí)質(zhì)和重點(diǎn)不同，主成分分析主要是綜合原始變量的信息，而因子分析重在解釋原始變量之間的關(guān)系。主成分分析實(shí)質(zhì)上是線性變換，無(wú)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)，而因子模型是統(tǒng)計(jì)模型，某些因子模型是可以得到假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)的。
The essence and emphasis of the two analyses are different. Principal component analysis is mainly to synthesize the information of the original variables, while factor analysis focuses on explaining the relationship between the original variables. Principal component analysis is essentially a linear transformation without hypothesis test, while factor model is a statistical model, and some factor models can get hypothesis test.
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5
兩者的SPSS操作都是通過(guò)“分析->降維->因子”過(guò)程實(shí)現(xiàn)的，主成分分析不需要因子旋轉(zhuǎn)，而因子分析需要經(jīng)過(guò)旋轉(zhuǎn)。
Both SPSS operations are realized through the process of "analysis ->dimension reduction ->factor". The principal component analysis does not need factor rotation, while the factor analysis needs to be rotated.
下期預(yù)告：本期，我們學(xué)習(xí)了
主成分分析和因子分析的基礎(chǔ)理論。
下一期，我們將會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)
如何進(jìn)行主成分分析的操作。
今天的分享就到這里了
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參考資料：百度百科，《SPSS 23 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析實(shí)用教程》
翻譯：百度翻譯
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